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Endocrinology & Diabetes guides
30 plain-English, evidence-linked guides in Endocrinology & Diabetes, with clinical review status shown on each page.
Acromegaly treatment (Management of acromegaly)Long-term treatment to lower growth hormone, control a pituitary tumour and ease the symptoms of acromegaly, usually led by a hospital endocrine team.Addison's disease treatment (Management of Addison's disease (primary adrenal insufficiency))Lifelong steroid hormone replacement and emergency planning to replace the hormones the adrenal glands can no longer make, led by an endocrine team.Adrenal gland tests (Assessment of adrenal gland disorders)A set of blood, urine and sometimes scan-based tests to check whether the adrenal glands are making too much or too little hormone, and whether any lump on a gland needs treatment.Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) (Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and flash glucose monitoring)A small wearable sensor that tracks glucose levels through the day and night, helping people with diabetes and their teams see patterns and adjust treatment.DEXA bone density scan (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA))A quick, low-dose X-ray scan that measures how dense your bones are, to help work out your risk of osteoporosis and broken bones.Diabetic foot check (Diabetic foot assessment (foot risk screening))A simple check of your feet, done at least once a year if you have diabetes, to spot loss of feeling or poor circulation early and reduce the risk of ulcers and amputation.Dynamic hormone (stimulation) tests (Dynamic endocrine function tests (stimulation and suppression tests))Special hormone tests where a medicine or trigger is given and blood is taken at set times, to see how a gland responds when it cannot be judged by a single blood test.Endocrinology and diabetes consultation (Specialist endocrinology and diabetes outpatient consultation)An appointment with a specialist in hormones and diabetes to assess symptoms or test results, agree what (if any) tests are needed, and plan treatment together.Gestational diabetes care (Management of gestational diabetes mellitus)Care to keep blood sugar in a safe range during a pregnancy where diabetes has appeared, to protect both mother and baby.Graves' disease treatment (Management of Graves' disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism))Treatment to control an overactive thyroid caused by Graves' disease, using medicines, radioactive iodine or surgery.Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (Menopausal hormone therapy)Medicine that replaces the hormones your body makes less of around the menopause, mainly to ease symptoms.Insulin pump therapy (Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump))A small device that delivers insulin continuously through a tiny tube under the skin, instead of multiple daily injections.Obesity and weight management (Medical management of overweight and obesity)A medical approach to managing overweight and obesity, combining diet, activity, and behaviour change with medicines such as GLP-1 injections where appropriate, aimed at health rather than appearance.Osteoporosis assessment and treatment (Assessment and management of osteoporosis and fragility fracture risk)Working out your risk of breaking a bone because of thinning bones, using a risk score and sometimes a bone density (DEXA) scan, then agreeing treatment to lower that risk.Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) management (Management of hyperthyroidism)Treatment to bring an overactive thyroid under control and ease symptoms, using medicines, radioactive iodine, or surgery depending on the cause and your circumstances.Parathyroid and calcium disorder assessment (Assessment for hyperparathyroidism and disorders of calcium metabolism)A set of blood and urine tests, and sometimes scans, used to find out why your blood calcium is too high or too low and whether your parathyroid glands are involved.Pituitary gland disorder assessment (Assessment of pituitary gland function and structure)A combination of blood tests, sometimes stimulation or suppression tests, an MRI scan and an eye check, used to find out whether the pituitary gland is making too much or too little hormone, or is enlarged.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) management (Management of polycystic ovary syndrome)Ongoing care for polycystic ovary syndrome, aimed at managing irregular periods, excess hair and acne, fertility and weight, and reducing longer-term health risks such as type 2 diabetes.Prolactinoma management (Management of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma))Ongoing care for a prolactinoma, a usually benign pituitary growth that raises the hormone prolactin, most often treated with tablets that lower prolactin and shrink the growth.Radioactive iodine treatment (Radioiodine (iodine-131) therapy for an overactive thyroid)A one-off dose of radioactive iodine, taken as a drink or capsule, that is taken up by the thyroid and gradually calms down an overactive thyroid gland.Testosterone deficiency assessment (Assessment for male hypogonadism (low testosterone))A careful check of symptoms and blood tests to find out whether a man genuinely has low testosterone, and if so why, before any treatment is considered.Tests for Cushing's syndrome (Investigation of Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism))A step-by-step set of hormone tests used to find out whether your body is making too much of the stress hormone cortisol, and if so, why.Thyroid eye disease assessment (Assessment of thyroid eye disease (Graves' orbitopathy))A specialist eye and thyroid review for people with thyroid eye disease, to measure how active and severe it is, protect sight, and plan treatment.Thyroid fine needle aspiration (Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA / FNAC))A quick test that uses a fine needle, usually guided by ultrasound, to take a small sample of cells from a thyroid lump to check whether it is benign or needs further attention.Thyroid nodule assessment (Assessment of a thyroid nodule (lump))A step-by-step check of a thyroid lump using examination, blood tests and an ultrasound scan, with a needle test only if needed, to find out whether it is harmless or needs treatment.Thyroid ultrasound (Ultrasound scan of the thyroid gland and neck)A usually not painful scan that uses sound waves to look at the thyroid gland in the neck, usually to check a lump or an abnormal thyroid blood test.Type 1 diabetes management (Management of type 1 diabetes mellitus in adults)Lifelong care for type 1 diabetes, where the body makes little or no insulin, focused on insulin treatment, glucose monitoring, and preventing short- and long-term complications.Type 2 diabetes management (Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults)Long-term care for type 2 diabetes, where the body cannot use insulin properly, focused on glucose control, protecting the heart and kidneys, and preventing complications.Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) management (Management of primary hypothyroidism in adults)Treatment and monitoring for an underactive thyroid, usually with daily levothyroxine tablets and regular blood tests to keep thyroid hormone levels in a healthy range.Vitamin D deficiency management (Management of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in adults)Treatment and sensible supplementation for low vitamin D, which is important for healthy bones and muscles, while avoiding taking too much.
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